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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
At the outset，I want to say that my motive in presenting this volume was not for war but for peace. In this respect I have been often misunderstood. Some of my friends ask me now and then， while discussing Oriental problems，“Do you want the United States to go to war with Japan?" No. On the contrary，I wanted the United States to avert conflict with Japan by checking her，before it was too late. That is what I want to tell in this book.
I am a pacifist，in the general sense of the word，by temperament and religion. I was raised in a Confucian family and educated in a Confucian school. Confucius placed war beyond the pale of civilization，for the rule of force is the rule of barbarians.
Korea enjoyed a high standard of Oriental civilization for more than four thousand years. Peace was the guiding principle of the nation in philosophy，politics，and poetry; and it was the household word in its everyday life. The very name of the nation，given by its founder，Tan Kun，in 2317B.C. and renewed by the ensuing dynasty; Ki Cha，1122B.C.，was the Land of the Morning Calm (Peace). Instead of saying among themselves，“How do you do?" “Good-bye，'’ etc.，the Koreans say，“'Are you in peace?" “Go in peace，" “Peace be with you，"etc. Born and raised in that atmosphere，I was naturally a man of peace.
But with the advent ofWestern civilization came the Western idea of military conquest and superior modern weapons of war. Japan，as an apt pupil of the West，soon equipped herself with the modern instruments and Western military mentality. When she was fully ready, she came，bowed，and asked for our good will by saying， “Please make friends with us，as we are your next-door neighbor. All the nations of the world throw their doors wide open to one another. They have international law and also international treaties to protect all nations，weak as well as strong. Please do not suspect，but trust，us."
The conservative Korean government，having a childlike faith in the treaties，by which all the leading powers promised to protect them in time of need，opened everything to the Japanese without preparing for national defense. It was in 1895，soon after the close of the first Sino-Japanese war，that I came to realize the danger and undertook to inform the nation of the imminent menace to our independent existence. I started the first daily newspaper in Korea，through the columns of which I did all I could to cause our people to know what the Japanese and the Russians， the two rival forces， were trying to do. In co-operation with many patriotic leaders，we succeeded in arousing a sufficient number of people to join with us in inaugurating a national defense program.
Unfortunately for Korea，the government was unable to understand the situation and tried to suppress the nationalist movement. After a long struggle between the conservative party and the nationalist party，the former succeeded in crushing the latter，and，consequently, I soon found my self, together with many others，landed in jail，where I spent nearly seven years.
When the Russo-Japanese war broke out in 1904，the nationalist party got into power temporarily，and they let me out of the prison. As I walked out of the old iron gate of Kamoksu，the Seoul prison， the Russian influence in the Korean court had crumbled . The Japanese，who won the moral support of the Western nations by posing as champions of the independence of Korea，were already tightening their death grip on the very life of that country，their ally. The new Korean government tried to send me as a special envoy to the United Stales for the purpose of asking the United States to “use its good offices" against Japan. But，to its dismay，the Korean government discovered that the Japanese had already closed every possible loophole and no direct appeal for help could be sent to the outside world. The Japanese，who had been known up to that time as friends of the Korean nationalist party，were closely watching me in every move I made. I managed to leave Korea hurriedly for America in early November，1904. The Japanese did not know that I had brought with me several important diplomatic communications from Prince Min and General Hahn. That is，however，another story，for which I have no place here.
I make this personal reference in order to show that I was in a position to see from behind the scenes what was carefully kept from the gaze of the outside world. No clairvoyance or far-sighted statesmanship was required to foretell what was to come. In fact， every educated Japanese knew then，as they know now，what to expect，and when. The difference was that they would not tell.
Naturally，I attempted to tell many things to the American people. I soon discovered that the mass of the people in this country in 1905 were just as unaware of the situation as the Koreans had been ten years before. I discovered also that there were eminent Americans who were highly enlightened on the subject and were equally anxious to disseminate the facts to their fellow citizens，but they could do nothing because public sentiment was so overwhelmingly pro -Japanese that no one would believe that these unfavorable statements about Japan could be true. Consequently， our warnings were but voices in the wilderness.
To refer to Korea again. If the Koreans had seen Japan in 1894 as they saw her in 1592，the year of Hideyoshi's unsuccessful invasion of Korea，they could have saved their country and themselves from the plight in which they find themselves today. On the other hand， if the American people had seenJapan in 1894 and 1904 as they see her today，they would have looked askance at Japan’s annexation of Korea，and would have tried to meet Japanese expansion of sea power，which now offers a powerful threat on the other side of the Pacific.
These painful experiences are reviewed here in the hope of warning the United States to watch Japan. Therefore，I believe all Americans should know what they are now confronting. They should know that the things which they could have averted years ago by saying a few simple words or showing a firm attitude at the right time cannot be averted so easily now. This problem must be settled，and the sooner it is settled the better.
Postponement is not a settlement. The forest fire will not extinguish itself. It is drawing nearer day by day. Years ago you heard but faint whispers of impending trouble. It was so far away. It seamed as if it might be on Mars，or some other planet. Later on，you saw columns of smoke rising at a distance，or perhaps a glow of the flames reflected on the clouds，or，at times，even heard the roaring or crackling of burning trees. Yet it was still far enough away to cause you no worry or alarm. Now that is all changed. You already begin to feel the heat. It is coming too close for your comfort. You must move from your own home or your own business because it is dangerous for you to ignore it longer. You must give up the international settlements in the Orient. You must lose your business investments， mission stations，universities，hospitals，and any and all other institutions that are yours. You must not carry on war games in the Pacific，because the Japanese say that the Pacific is their "back yard." You do not know what to do with the Philippine Islands，because the Japanese may want them. You must not fortify or even talk about fortifying any of your island outposts，because the Japanese will object. And that is not all. Even in your own homeland，you must not enact any law to regulate the influx of their nationals，because they say it is an insult to their race. And when they deliberately bomb and sink your ships，you must not criticize them，because they are a proud and sensitive race and their feelings may be hurt. These are some of the things which have actually been happening. Can you still believe the forest fire is far away? Can you still say “Let the Koreans， the Manchurians，and the Chinese fight their own fight; it is none of our business"?
In this book I will endeavor to answer these perplexing questions. The answers will be found，perhaps，not in what I say，but rather in the events which have actually taken place. With this in view，we will not interest ourselves in the Sino-Japanese conflict as a whole， but only in a certain phase of the conflict that affects foreigners in general and Americans in particular.
As the ever advancing，irresistible war machine moves along，it leaves in its wake the wreckage of civilization and humanity. It keeps on moving to more and greater destruction. A terrified world stands aghast and asks，“Why and what does all this mean? Why are they doing all this?" It means just this: the Mikado in the East and the Fascists and Nazis in the West are bent on conquering the world. As they have great mechanized armies，they believe they are destined to rule the world.
Ⅰ JAPAN'S "DIVINE MISSION" AND WAR PSYCHOLOGY
In order to save democracy the American people must face the world situation and act quickly and co-operate with all the peoples of the world struggling to retain their liberty or to regain their lost freedom. The United States must take an active leading part in all the great world issues which involve the peace and safety not only of the Western Hemisphere but of the world. There will be no peace and safety in the world so long as it remains half democratic and half totalitarian. It must be one or the other. The maintenance of democracy in the world depends upon how the American people act at this time. It is a tremendous task to be sure. It would have been much easier even a decade or two ago, but the Americans have been sleeping, while the totalitarian nations were preparing. If America insists on continuing with a false idea of peace, there will be no escape.
The American government and the people are at last partly awake and are now pushing ahead with necessary material preparations as fast as possible. Yet material equipment alone is not sufficient. The importance of preparing the American public to meet the inevitable and unavoidable menace cannot be overestimated. Japan knew long ago the value of mental power and has been busily engaged in training the nation’s mind. Today she is far superior to any nation in the world except Germany in the development of war psychology. Some of the ideas expressed here sound fantastic and ridiculous to practical Western minds. It seems incredible for the people of a “modernized" nation to believe in such incongruous and mythical fabrications, but the point is that they do believe them, and millions are willing and ready to die to prove their faith. With this spiritual equipment, plus an “ invincible" army and navy, they are determined to conquer the world. We who are trying not to be conquered should take special interest in studying the idea of “divinity" back of Japanese rulers.
The Japan Advertiser printed a translation of an editorial in the Japanese vernacular newspaper Niroku on May 9, 1919, as follows:
“To preserve the world’'s peace and promote the welfare of mankind is the mission of the Imperial Family of Japan. Heaven has invested the Imperial Family with all the necessary qualifications to fulfill this mission. He who can fulfill this mission is one who is the object of Humanity's admiration and adoration, and who holds the prerogative of administration forever. The Imperial Family of Japan is as worthy of respect as God, and is the embodiment of benevolence and justice. The great principle of the Imperial Family is to make popular interests paramount- most important. The Imperial Family of Japan is the parent, not only of her sixty millions, but of all mankind on earth. In the eyes of the Imperial Family, all races are one and the same. It is above all racial considerations. All human disputes, therefore, may be settled in accordance with its immaculate justice. The League of Nations, proposed to save mankind from horrors of war, can attain its real object only by placing the Imperial Family of]apan at its head, for to attain its object the League must have a strong punitive force and a supernational and super-racial character; and this force can be found only in the Imperial Family of Japan."
The title “ Emperor" for their ruler is a misnomer. The Japanese do not call him emperor but Tenno, the Heavenly King. Every time they mention this word Tenno, they bow their heads or doff their hats. They do not class him with the emperors and kings of nations. He is above them all. He is a superior being. His sanctity is proclaimed in all official statements} in the national history for every school. Scholars, philosophers, lawyers, and writers, all teach and preach this all-important doctrine. Even great Christian leaders educated in the West, such as the late Inazo Nitobe, declare the ruler of Japan is “ the bodily representative of Heaven and Earth."
More ardent patriots trace the divine origin to the creation of the earth. According to this tale of Japanese mythology; the gods Izanagi and Izanami united in marriage and gave birth to the Japanese islands. The islands, therefore, are different from the rest of the earth. Then they gave birth to the sun goddess Amaterasu} whose direct descendant became the ruler of Japan. The first emperor was the deity Jimmu Tenno. The story of the birth of the Japanese Islands related in The Japanese Nationalist Bible is as follows:
“The holy couple, Izanagi and Izanami, were ordered by other gods to give birth to the drifting land from the bridge of high heaven, and the male god thrust his jeweled spear into the primeval brine. From the coagulation which took place, the Islands of Japan were formed, and from the drops that fell from the spear the rest of the world came into being. Therefore, all nations should be grateful to Japan, because to the creation of Japan the world owes its existence..."
This is by no means the end of the divinity story. Japanese divinity does not stop with the Emperor and the land. The people are also a part of it. The aborigines of Japan were all gods and goddesses, and from them descended the present Yamato race, Seed of the Sun. All other mortals are of lower orders. From the divine descent of the Japanese people “proceeds their immeasurable superiority to the natives of other countries in courage and intelligence:’
Every Japanese is taught to believe he is more or less a god, because he belongs to this divine race, Yamato. Every child grows up with the belief that (1) Japan’'s Emperor is the only divine ruler, (2) Japan is the only divine land, (3) Japan’'s people are the only divine people and, therefore, Japan must be the light of the world. A soldier who dies in battle, or a patriot who sacrifices his life for the Emperor, automatically becomes a full god and joins the great family of gods in the Lotus heaven. The so-called Imperial Genealogy was invented about 700 A. D. and completed only. seventy years ago, when the Shogunate was abolished and the Emperor was restored to power. How the story originated matters very little to the Japanese. All now believe in the divinity of their Emperor, their land, and their people. No doubt this is the great uniting and driving force behind the Japanese race- "each unimportant in himself but all together omnipotent:’ In this sense, “Japan is a war machine of seventy million gods." In recent years, while all other faiths have been crumbling, this Shintoistic doctrine has grown supreme. The government has ordered the Christian churches in Japan and Korea to transfer administrative responsibility to the Japanese and has imposed other restrictions. In a wireless dispatch to The New York Times from Tokyo, on August 28, 1940, Hugh Byas wrote, in part:
“The movement for the eradication of foreign influence from Japanese Christianity is progressing rapidly. A purely national Church, tentatively named the Genuine Japan Christian Church, is being organized. Efforts are being made to have the new Church formally constituted October 17 at the 2,600th anniversary of the traditional date of the founding of the Japanese Empire by the Sun Goddess.“The movement is part of the present wave of extreme nationalism that is sweeping Japan, but the Japanese Christians deny hostility to American or other missionaries. The amalgamation is advocated as a means of making up for the loss of foreign donations:"
We who believe in the freedom of religion may have no business to dig into other people’s religious faith. If they want to believe that their Emperor, land, people, and even all the living creatures in Japan are divine, it is their privilege and we have nothing to say. After all, the theory of the divine origin of man sounds better than the Western idea of evolution from anthropoid ancestry. Let them believe, to their hearts' content, that they are superior because of their heavenly origin. But that is not all. It is the basis of their claims to the world domination under the rule of their Mikado. Since their Mikado is the only heavenly king, the logical conclusion is that he is the only rightful ruler of the universe and that his army and navy are sent to save the world. There should be but one sun in all the heavens and but one ruler in all this mundane sphere. World peace so much desired can be obtained only through Japanese sovereignty. It is Japan’s heaven-ordained mission to establish “a new order in Asia," and that is why "Japan is the only stabilizing force in the Far East." At present it is the part of caution that the Japanese modify their claims by confining themselves to Asia and the Far East. But they will soon extend “the new order in Asia" to “a new world order," and “a stabilizing power in the Far East" to a “stabilizing power on the entire earth." The Imperial rescript of Emperor Jimmu, which, according to the Japanese military textbook,“ has been given to us an everlasting and categorical imperative," says,“ We shall build our capital all over our dominion, because we are ordained by heaven to save the entire world from chaos and ruin:'
